Technical notes - Core Indicators

PAHO Core Indicators provide metadata of some indicators as shared by the National Health Authorities. These metadata give information on the estimation method, data sources, reference period, and other relevant aspects of the selected indicators, allowing users to have a more complete understanding of the data presented.

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Bahamas (2019)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Bahamas . Department of Public Health Clinics Monthly Reports
Source: Primary Health Care
Note: Percentages are based on antenatal women who were at 36 weeks gestation.
Bolivia (the Plurinational State of) (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Source: Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SNIS-VE)
Note: Numerator corresponds to the total number of pregnant women with 4 controls and more. Denominator is the total number of live births. The data comes from institutional administrative records.
El Salvador (2021)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS). El Salvador
Source: Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2021
Note: Percentage of women between 15-49 years of age with a live birth in the last two years who received at least four prenatal care by any health personnel.
Saint Lucia (2022)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Saint Lucia. Epidemiology
Source: Health Management Information System, Nursing Register
Note: Data entered is best estimate drawing from nursing reports.
Bolivia (the Plurinational State of) (2018-2019)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Source: Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y Vigilancia Epidemiológica
Note: Corresponds to institutional administrative records. Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (numerator). Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (denominator).
Bolivia (the Plurinational State of) (2020)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Source: Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SNIS-VE)
Note: Corresponds to institutional administrative records. Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (numerator). Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (denominator).
Bolivia (the Plurinational State of) (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud y Deportes. Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Source: Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SNIS-VE)
Note: Births attended by skilled health personnel (%): refers to institutional administrative records. Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (numerator). Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (denominator).
Costa Rica (2021)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Costa Rica
Source: Registro de información específica
Note: Births attended by skilled personnel (%) It should be noted that the numerator does not consider births but live births attended by skilled personnel, which includes: general practitioner, obstetrician-gynecologist, general nurse and obstetrician-gynecologist nurse. This percentage does not include the ignored in the person who attended the birth or those attended by a midwife or another person.
Ecuador (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Ecuador. INEC
Source: Registro Estadístico de Nacidos Vivos
Note: Both the percentage of births attended by skilled personnel and the proportion of births attended in health facilities are calculated considering the number of live births in a given period as the denominator.
El Salvador (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador. Unidad de Estadística e Información en Salud
Source: Registro administrativo de salud, sistema de reporte de instalaciones
Note: Refers to Proportion of hospital births (%).
Guatemala (2000)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)/Registro Nacional de Personas (RENAP). Guatemala
Source: Registro administrativo de salud, sistema de reporte de instalaciones
Note: According to the mothers' residence.
Guatemala (2015)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Guatemala. Unidad de Estadísticas de Salud
Source: Registro civil
Note: Starting this year, series break due to definition change in the country.
Guatemala (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Guatemala. Registro Nacional de Personas (RENAP)
Source: Registro civil
Note: Skilled health personnel include: doctor, paramedic and midwife. According to the mothers' residence.
Suriname (2021)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Suriname
Source: Administrative health registry, facility reporting system
Note: Data refers to 6 hospitals.
Canada (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of Canada. Statistics Canada
Source: Canadian Vital Statistics - Birth database (CVSB)
Note: During the production of each year's birth/death/stillbirth statistics, data from previous years may be revised to reflect any updates or changes that have been received from the provincial and territorial vital statistics registrars. 2017 to 2020 data for Yukon are not available. Due to improvements in methodology and timeliness, the duration of data collection has been shortened compared to previous years. As a result, there may have been fewer births and stillbirths captured by the time of the release. The 2017 and 2018 data were revised on September 29, 2020. As a result of delays with birth registrations, fewer births have been captured to date for Manitoba in 2020. The geographic distribution of live births in this table is based on the mother's usual place of residence.
El Salvador (2016)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Certificado de Defunción - Estadísticas Vitales - Sistema de Morbimortalidad en Línea (SIMMOW)
Note: Data recorded through the primary sources of the institutions of the National Health System (Ministry of Health, Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, Instituto Salvadoreño de Bienestar y Magistral, and Hospital Militar), private and community institutions through the registry of the family status of the municipalities.
El Salvador (2017-2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Certificado de Defunción - Estadísticas Vitales - Sistema de Morbimortalidad en Línea (SIMMOW)
Note: Data recorded through the primary sources of the institutions of the National Health System (Ministry of Health, Salvadoran Institute of Social Security, Salvadoran Institute of Welfare and Magistral and Military Hospital), private and community institutions through the registry of family status of the municipalities.
El Salvador (2018)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador. Unidad de Estadística/Unidad de la Mujer y Niñez
Source: Certificado de Defunción - Estadísticas Vitales - Sistema de Morbimortalidad en Línea (SIMMOW)
Note: Data recorded through the primary sources of the institutions of the National Health System (Ministry of Health, Salvadoran Institute of Social Security, Salvadoran Institute of Welfare and Magistral and Military Hospital), private and community institutions through the registry of family status of the municipalities.
El Salvador (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: Deaths that occur at the national level are registered, including some deaths that occur in the private sector.
Trinidad and Tobago (2017)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Trinidad and Tobago
Source: Hospitalization Utilization Reports
Note: The ratio of births was 80% public and 20% private sector.
United States of America (2021)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. National Center for Health Statistics. Division of Vital Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Referencia: Driscoll AK, Ely, DM. Quarterly provisional estimates for infant mortality, 2020-Quarter 4, 2022. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Vital Statistics Rapid Release Program. 2023. Tablero: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/infant-mortality-dashboard.htm
Bahamas (2019)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Bahamas . Health Information and Research Unit (HIRU)
Source: Census of institutions/facilities where deliveries occur
Note: There were two (2) infant deaths for which the gestational ages were unknown (in 2019)
Brazil (1999)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Departamento de Doenças /Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Estimation
Note: For the period 1990 to 1999, values were projected by the Departamento de Doenças /Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (DASNT/SVS/MS).
Brazil (2000-2013)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Projeto Busca Ativa
Source: Estimation
Note: From 2000 to 2013 data estimated by the Active Search project of the Ministry of Health and Fiocruz.
Brazil (2014)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) y Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINACS)
Note: From 2014 to 2020 data estimated by MS/SVS/CGIAE using the Active Search method.
Brazil (2020)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) y Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINACS)
Note: From 2014 to 2020 data estimated by MS/SVS/CGIAE using the Active Search methodology;The RIPSA Demographic and Mortality committee considers the Federal Units of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul and the Federal District with good quality information in SIM and at Sinasc, allowing the direct calculation of indicators for these Federal Units.
Canada (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of Canada
Source: Canadian Vital Statistics - Birth database (CVSB) and Death database (CVSD)
Note: During the production of each year's birth/death/stillbirth statistics, data from previous years may be revised to reflect any updates or changes that have been received from the provincial and territorial vital statistics registrars. Starting with the 2013 reference year, information regarding new and terminated cause of death codes, as well as any changes to the cause of death descriptions, are available upon request. Starting with the 2013 reference year, a new automated coding system was used to select the underlying cause of death. In 2017, an updated version of this coding system was implemented. 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 data for Yukon are not available. Due to improvements in methodology and timeliness, the duration of data collection has been shortened compared to previous years. As a result, there may have been fewer deaths captured by the time of the release. The 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 data are considered preliminary.
Dominica (2017)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Dominica. Health Information Unit
Source: Civil registry
Note: Hurricane Maria in 2017 destroyed facilities/infrastructure.
Dominican Republic (2019)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de República Dominicana. Dirección de Análisis de Situación de Salud, Monitoreo y Evaluación de Resultados
Source: Cotejo e integración inicial de las bases de datos del Certificado de Defunción y del SINAVE
Note: Type of statistics: direct (deaths) and corrected (live births).
Ecuador (2019)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos-INEC. Ecuador
Source: Anuario de Estadísticas Vitales - Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
Ecuador (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos-INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
Ecuador (2021)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos - INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
El Salvador (2019-2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador. Unidad de Estadística e Información en Salud
Source: Registro civil
Note: The denominator are estimated live births from Dirección General de Estadísticas y Censos (DIGESTYC).
El Salvador (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Certificado de Defunción - Estadísticas Vitales - Sistema de Morbimortalidad en Línea (SIMMOW)Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: The denominator are estimated live births from Dirección General de Estadísticas y Censos (DIGESTYC).Deaths that occur at the national level are registered, including some deaths that occur in the private sector.
French Guiana (2020)
Provider: Institut national des statistiques du French Guiana
Source: INSEE
Note: Infant mortality rate smoothed over 3 years, per 1000 live births.
Guadeloupe (2013)
Provider: Institut national de la statistique et des etudes economiques (INSEE). Guadeloupe
Source: Statistiques de l'état civil. Données des certificats de décès
Note: Guadalupe incluidas las islas del norte (San Martín y San Bartolomé).Infant mortality rate smoothed over 3 years, per 1000 live births.
Guadeloupe (2015)
Provider: Institut national de la statistique et des etudes economiques (INSEE). Guadeloupe
Source: Statistiques de l'état civil. Données des certificats de décès
Note: averaged rate 2013-2015
Guadeloupe (2020)
Provider: Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques. Guadeloupe
Source: Registre civil
Note: Infant mortality rate smoothed over 3 years, per 1000 live births.
Honduras (2012)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Honduras
Source: Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDESA) 2011-2012
Note: The survey corresponds to the period 2007-2012.
Martinique (2020)
Provider: French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) et Programme National de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Information (PMSI). Martinique
Source: Registre civil
Note: Infant mortality rate smoothed over 3 years, per 1000 live births.
Peru (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Perú. Dirección Nacional de Demografía e Indicadores Sociales
Source: Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES
Note: Infant mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate correspond to the years 2019/2020.
Saint Kitts and Nevis (2021)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Source: Vital Statistics Registry
Note: There are no private hospitals, infant ,neonatal and post neonatal deaths are usually reported through the public system.
United States of America (2021)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistical Surveillance System
Note: Driscoll AK, Ely, DM. Quarterly provisional estimates for infant mortality, 2021-Quarter 1, 2023.
United States of America (2022)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Driscoll AK, Ely, DM. Quarterly provisional estimates for infant mortality, 2021-Quarter 1, 2023.
Argentina (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Coordinación de Zoonosis
Source: Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de la Salud (SNVS) 2.0
Note: All epidemiological data on new infections are preliminary.
Canada (2009-2018)
Provider: Policy Integration and Zoonoses Division, Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
Source: Other
Note: Reportable in 5 provinces.
Canada (2020)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Canada. Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
Source: Provincial and territorially reportable disease
Note: Leptospirosis is not nationally notifiable in Canada. For 2020, data is only available from 3/4 provinces where it is reportable.
Canada (2021)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Canada. Public Health Agency of Canada
Source: Provincially and territorially reportable disease
Note: Leptospirosis is not nationally notifiable in Canada. Note that these totals are not an estimate of national case counts since from 2019-current, only 5/13 provinces/territories have leptospirosis reportable (British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Quebec, New Brunswick & Nunavut).
Dominican Republic (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de República Dominicana. Dirección Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica
Source: Reporte de casos, Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica
Note: The data correspond to reported cases that were registered, not confirmed cases.
Peru (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Perú. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades
Source: Vigilancia en Salud Pública
Note: The National Center for Epidemiology, Disease Prevention and Control has open databases; therefore, the figures are subject to change.
Suriname (2022)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Suriname
Source: BOG ( public health authority)
Note: This data is only for hospitalized cases. In 2022 a total of 153 persons were admitted.
United States of America (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System
Source: Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions, United States.
Note: Referencia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2020 Annual Tables of Infectious Disease Data. Atlanta, GA. CDC Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, 2023. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/nndss/data-statistics/infectious-tables/index.html.
Ecuador (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos – INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro estadístico de nacido vivo y Defunciones Fetales
Note: The denominator corresponds to the estimated births.
Montserrat (2022)
Provider: Ministère de la Santé du Montserrat
Source: Specific information register
Note: There were two male and one female low birthweight.
Peru (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Perú
Source: Certificación de Nacidos Vivos
Note: The birth certification system represents more than 80% of births that occur nationwide.
United States of America (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistical Surveillance System
Note: Referencia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Natality on CDC WONDER Online Database. Data are from the Natality Records 2007-2021, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/natality-current.html on Jun 21, 2023 11:55:15 AM
Argentina (2020)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Dirección de Estadísticas e Información en Salud
Source: Registro civil
Note: There was an increase in maternal deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Argentina (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Argentina
Source: Dirección de Estadísticas e Información en Salud
Note: The increase in maternal mortality is due to the impact of COVID-19.
Belize (2002-2004)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Belize. Epidemiology Unit
Source: Hospital Records
Note: No distinction is made in the records as to the type of obstetric death (in the period 1998-2007).
Belize (2005-2007)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Belize
Source: Belize Health Information System
Note: No distinction is made in the records as to the type of obstetric death (in the period 1998-2007).
Brazil (2020)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM)/ Sistemas de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINACS)
Note: From 2009 to 2020 the maternal mortality ratio was estimated by using the Surveillance of Deaths of Women in Childbearing Age. Data on the method can be found at: http://svs.aids.gov.br/dantps/centrais-de-conteudos/publicacoes/saude-brasil/saude-brasil-2017-analise-situacao-saude-desafios-objetivos-development-sustetantavel.pdf. Maternal deaths without correction.
Chile (2016)
Provider: Comité Nacional de Estadísticas Vitales, integrado por el Ministerio de Salud, el Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificación y el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Chile
Source: Registro continuo
Note: There is suspicion of under-recording in the data sources used in the process of intentional search and reclassification of maternal death.
Cuba (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Cuba. Dirección Nacional de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud
Source: Base de datos de mortalidad
Note: The main cause of maternal death was pneumonia associated with COVID-19.
Dominican Republic (2019)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de República Dominicana
Source: SINAVE e INACIF
Note: The country applies the intentional search and reclassification of maternal deaths methodology.
Ecuador (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos-INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro estadístico Defunciones Generales
Note: For the maternal mortality ratio, the estimated number of births is being used.
Ecuador (2021)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos - INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
El Salvador (2018)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador. Unidad de Estadística/Unidad de la Mujer y Niñez
Source: Certificado de Defunción - Estadísticas Vitales - Sistema de Morbimortalidad en Línea (SIMMOW)
Note: Data registered through the primary sources the institutions of the National Health System (Ministry of Health, Salvadoran Institute of Social Security, Salvadoran Institute of Welfare and Magistral, and Military Hospital), private and community institutions through the registry of municipalities (registro del estado familiar).
El Salvador (2020-2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: Information on maternal deaths at the national level is available with data verification from the National Statistics Office and Censuses.
El Salvador (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: Information on maternal deaths at the national level has been done with data verification from the National Statistics Office and Censuses.
Panama (2019)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Panamá. Estadísticas Vitales - Defunciones, Volumen III
Source: Registro de defunciones
Note: The data corresponds to the information compiled based on the administrative records of public health facilities (MINSA and CSS) and private and Civil Registry offices (Electoral Court).
United States of America (2019)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Maternal mortality data is not available for 2014-2017.
United States of America (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Hoyert DL. Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2020. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2022. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:113967.
United States of America (2021)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: ReferenciaHoyert DL. Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2023.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:124678.
Uruguay (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Uruguay. Comisión de Morbimortalidad Materna
Source: Certificado de Defunción electrónico y Sistema de notificación obligatoria de muerte materna
Note: Data based on the analysis of death certificates and the clinical history of all reported maternal deaths (in Spanish: Comisión de Morbimortalidad Materna).Of the 20 maternal deaths in 2021, the underlying cause of death was COVID-19.
Uruguay (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Uruguay. Estadísticas Vitales. DIGESA
Source: Certificado de Defunción electrónico
Note: Data based on the analysis of death certificates and the clinical history of all reported maternal deaths (in Spanish: Comisión de Morbimortalidad Materna).
Argentina (2020)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Dirección de Estadísticas e Información en Salud
Source: Registro civil
Note: There was an increase in maternal deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Argentina (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Argentina
Source: Dirección de Estadísticas e Información en Salud
Note: The increase in maternal mortality is due to the impact of COVID-19.
Belize (2002-2004)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Belize. Epidemiology Unit
Source: Hospital Records
Note: No distinction is made in the records as to the type of obstetric death (in the period 1998-2007).
Belize (2005-2007)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Belize
Source: Belize Health Information System
Note: No distinction is made in the records as to the type of obstetric death (in the period 1998-2007).
Brazil (2020)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM)/ Sistemas de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINACS)
Note: From 2009 to 2020 the maternal mortality ratio was estimated by using the Surveillance of Deaths of Women in Childbearing Age. Data on the method can be found at: http://svs.aids.gov.br/dantps/centrais-de-conteudos/publicacoes/saude-brasil/saude-brasil-2017-analise-situacao-saude-desafios-objetivos-development-sustetantavel.pdf. Maternal deaths without correction.
Chile (2016)
Provider: Comité Nacional de Estadísticas Vitales, integrado por el Ministerio de Salud, el Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificación y el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Chile
Source: Registro continuo
Note: There is suspicion of under-recording in the data sources used in the process of intentional search and reclassification of maternal death.
Cuba (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Cuba. Dirección Nacional de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud
Source: Base de datos de mortalidad
Note: The main cause of maternal death was pneumonia associated with COVID-19.
Dominican Republic (2019)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de República Dominicana
Source: SINAVE e INACIF
Note: The country applies the intentional search and reclassification of maternal deaths methodology.
Ecuador (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos-INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro estadístico Defunciones Generales
Note: For the maternal mortality ratio, the estimated number of births is being used.
Ecuador (2021)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos - INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
El Salvador (2018)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador. Unidad de Estadística/Unidad de la Mujer y Niñez
Source: Certificado de Defunción - Estadísticas Vitales - Sistema de Morbimortalidad en Línea (SIMMOW)
Note: Data registered through the primary sources the institutions of the National Health System (Ministry of Health, Salvadoran Institute of Social Security, Salvadoran Institute of Welfare and Magistral, and Military Hospital), private and community institutions through the registry of municipalities (registro del estado familiar).
El Salvador (2020-2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: Information on maternal deaths at the national level is available with data verification from the National Statistics Office and Censuses.
El Salvador (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: Information on maternal deaths at the national level has been done with data verification from the National Statistics Office and Censuses.
Panama (2019)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Panamá. Estadísticas Vitales - Defunciones, Volumen III
Source: Registro de defunciones
Note: The data corresponds to the information compiled based on the administrative records of public health facilities (MINSA and CSS) and private and Civil Registry offices (Electoral Court).
United States of America (2019)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Maternal mortality data is not available for 2014-2017.
United States of America (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Hoyert DL. Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2020. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2022. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:113967.
United States of America (2021)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: ReferenciaHoyert DL. Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2023.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:124678.
Uruguay (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Uruguay. Comisión de Morbimortalidad Materna
Source: Certificado de Defunción electrónico y Sistema de notificación obligatoria de muerte materna
Note: Data based on the analysis of death certificates and the clinical history of all reported maternal deaths (in Spanish: Comisión de Morbimortalidad Materna).Of the 20 maternal deaths in 2021, the underlying cause of death was COVID-19.
Uruguay (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Uruguay. Estadísticas Vitales. DIGESA
Source: Certificado de Defunción electrónico
Note: Data based on the analysis of death certificates and the clinical history of all reported maternal deaths (in Spanish: Comisión de Morbimortalidad Materna).
Canada (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of Canada. Statistics Canada
Source: Canadian Vital Statistics - Birth database (CVSB)
Note: During the production of each year's birth/death/stillbirth statistics, data from previous years may be revised to reflect any updates or changes that have been received from the provincial and territorial vital statistics registrars. 2017 to 2020 data for Yukon are not available. Due to improvements in methodology and timeliness, the duration of data collection has been shortened compared to previous years. As a result, there may have been fewer births and stillbirths captured by the time of the release. The 2017 and 2018 data were revised on September 29, 2020. As a result of delays with birth registrations, fewer births have been captured to date for Manitoba in 2020. The geographic distribution of live births in this table is based on the mother's usual place of residence.
El Salvador (2020-2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Certificado de Defunción - Estadísticas Vitales - Sistema de Morbimortalidad en Línea (SIMMOW)
Note: Data recorded through the primary sources of the institutions of the National Health System (Ministry of Health, Salvadoran Institute of Social Security, Salvadoran Institute of Welfare and Magistral and Military Hospital), private and community institutions through the registry of family status of the municipalities.
El Salvador (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: Deaths that occur at the national level are registered, including some deaths that occur in the private sector.
United States of America (2021)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. National Center for Health Statistics. Division of Vital Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Referencia: Driscoll AK, Ely, DM. Quarterly provisional estimates for infant mortality, 2020-Quarter 4, 2022. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Vital Statistics Rapid Release Program. 2023. Tablero: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/infant-mortality-dashboard.htm
Bahamas (2019)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Bahamas . Health Information and Research Unit (HIRU)
Source: Census of institutions/facilities where deliveries occur
Note: There were two (2) infant deaths for which the gestational ages were unknown (in 2019)
Brazil (1999)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Departamento de Doenças /Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Estimation
Note: For the period 1990 to 1999, values were projected by the Departamento de Doenças /Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (DASNT/SVS/MS).
Brazil (2000-2013)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Projeto Busca Ativa
Source: Estimation
Note: From 2000 to 2013 data estimated by the Active Search project of the Ministry of Health and Fiocruz.
Brazil (2014)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) y Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINACS)
Note: From 2014 to 2020 data estimated by MS/SVS/CGIAE using the Active Search method.
Brazil (2020)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) y Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINACS)
Note: From 2014 to 2020 data estimated by MS/SVS/CGIAE using the Active Search methodology;The RIPSA Demographic and Mortality committee considers the Federal Units of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul and the Federal District with good quality information in SIM and at Sinasc, allowing the direct calculation of indicators for these Federal Units.
Canada (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of Canada
Source: Canadian Vital Statistics - Birth database (CVSB) and Death database (CVSD)
Note: During the production of each year's birth/death/stillbirth statistics, data from previous years may be revised to reflect any updates or changes that have been received from the provincial and territorial vital statistics registrars. Starting with the 2013 reference year, information regarding new and terminated cause of death codes, as well as any changes to the cause of death descriptions, are available upon request. Starting with the 2013 reference year, a new automated coding system was used to select the underlying cause of death. In 2017, an updated version of this coding system was implemented. 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 data for Yukon are not available. Due to improvements in methodology and timeliness, the duration of data collection has been shortened compared to previous years. As a result, there may have been fewer deaths captured by the time of the release. The 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 data are considered preliminary.
Dominica (2017)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Dominica. Health Information Unit
Source: Civil registry
Note: Hurricane Maria in 2017 destroyed facilities/infrastructure.
Ecuador (2019)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos-INEC. Ecuador
Source: Anuario de Estadísticas Vitales - Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
Ecuador (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos-INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
Ecuador (2021)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos - INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
El Salvador (2019-2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador. Unidad de Estadística e Información en Salud
Source: Registro civil
Note: The denominator are estimated live births from Dirección General de Estadísticas y Censos (DIGESTYC).
El Salvador (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Certificado de Defunción - Estadísticas Vitales - Sistema de Morbimortalidad en Línea (SIMMOW)Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: The denominator are estimated live births from Dirección General de Estadísticas y Censos (DIGESTYC).Deaths that occur at the national level are registered, including some deaths that occur in the private sector.
Honduras (2012)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Honduras
Source: Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDESA) 2011-2012
Note: The survey corresponds to the period 2007-2012.
Peru (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Perú. Dirección Nacional de Demografía e Indicadores Sociales
Source: Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES
Note: Infant mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate correspond to the years 2019/2020.
Saint Kitts and Nevis (2021)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Source: Vital Statistics Registry
Note: There are no private hospitals, infant ,neonatal and post neonatal deaths are usually reported through the public system.
United States of America (2021)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistical Surveillance System
Note: Driscoll AK, Ely, DM. Quarterly provisional estimates for infant mortality, 2021-Quarter 1, 2023.
United States of America (2022)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Driscoll AK, Ely, DM. Quarterly provisional estimates for infant mortality, 2021-Quarter 1, 2023.
Bahamas (2019)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Bahamas . Health Information and Research Unit (HIRU)
Source: Census of institutions/facilities where deliveries occur
Note: There were two (2) infant deaths for which the gestational ages were unknown (in 2019)
Brazil (1999)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Departamento de Doenças /Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Estimation
Note: For the period 1990 to 1999, values were projected by the Departamento de Doenças /Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (DASNT/SVS/MS).
Brazil (2000-2013)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Projeto Busca Ativa
Source: Estimation
Note: From 2000 to 2013 data estimated by the Active Search project of the Ministry of Health and Fiocruz.
Brazil (2014)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) y Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINACS)
Note: From 2014 to 2020 data estimated by MS/SVS/CGIAE using the Active Search method.
Brazil (2020)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) y Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINACS)
Note: From 2014 to 2020 data estimated by MS/SVS/CGIAE using the Active Search methodology;The RIPSA Demographic and Mortality committee considers the Federal Units of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul and the Federal District with good quality information in SIM and at Sinasc, allowing the direct calculation of indicators for these Federal Units.
Canada (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of Canada
Source: Canadian Vital Statistics - Birth database (CVSB) and Death database (CVSD)
Note: During the production of each year's birth/death/stillbirth statistics, data from previous years may be revised to reflect any updates or changes that have been received from the provincial and territorial vital statistics registrars. Starting with the 2013 reference year, information regarding new and terminated cause of death codes, as well as any changes to the cause of death descriptions, are available upon request. Starting with the 2013 reference year, a new automated coding system was used to select the underlying cause of death. In 2017, an updated version of this coding system was implemented. 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 data for Yukon are not available. Due to improvements in methodology and timeliness, the duration of data collection has been shortened compared to previous years. As a result, there may have been fewer deaths captured by the time of the release. The 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 data are considered preliminary.
Dominica (2017)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Dominica. Health Information Unit
Source: Civil registry
Note: Hurricane Maria in 2017 destroyed facilities/infrastructure.
Ecuador (2019)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos-INEC. Ecuador
Source: Anuario de Estadísticas Vitales - Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
Ecuador (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos-INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
Ecuador (2021)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos - INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
El Salvador (2019-2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador. Unidad de Estadística e Información en Salud
Source: Registro civil
Note: The denominator are estimated live births from Dirección General de Estadísticas y Censos (DIGESTYC).
El Salvador (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Certificado de Defunción - Estadísticas Vitales - Sistema de Morbimortalidad en Línea (SIMMOW)Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: The denominator are estimated live births from Dirección General de Estadísticas y Censos (DIGESTYC).Deaths that occur at the national level are registered, including some deaths that occur in the private sector.
Honduras (2012)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Honduras
Source: Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDESA) 2011-2012
Note: The survey corresponds to the period 2007-2012.
United States of America (2021)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistical Surveillance System
Note: Driscoll AK, Ely, DM. Quarterly provisional estimates for infant mortality, 2021-Quarter 1, 2023.
United States of America (2022)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Driscoll AK, Ely, DM. Quarterly provisional estimates for infant mortality, 2021-Quarter 1, 2023.
Bolivia (the Plurinational State of) (2018-2020)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Source: Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SNIS-VE)
Note: Corresponds to institutional administrative records. Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (numerator). Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (denominator).
Bolivia (the Plurinational State of) (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud y Deportes. Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Source: Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SNIS-VE)
Note: Births attended by skilled health personnel (%): refers to institutional administrative records. Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (numerator). Number of births attended by skilled health personnel (denominator).
Costa Rica (2021)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Costa Rica. INEC
Source: INEC
Note: Births attended by skilled personnel (%) It should be noted that the numerator does not consider births but live births attended by skilled personnel, which includes: general practitioner, obstetrician-gynecologist, general nurse and obstetrician-gynecologist nurse. This percentage does not include the ignored in the person who attended the birth or those attended by a midwife or another person.
Ecuador (2020)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Ecuador. INEC
Source: Registro Estadístico de Nacidos Vivos
Note: Both the percentage of births attended by skilled personnel and the proportion of births attended in health facilities are calculated considering the number of live births in a given period as the denominator.
El Salvador (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Registro administrativo de salud, sistema de reporte de instalaciones
Note: Refers to Proportion of hospital births (%).
Bolivia (the Plurinational State of) (2016)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de). Dirección de Estadística e Indicadores Económicos y Sociales
Source: Encuesta de Demografía y Salud 2016 (EDSA 2016)
Note: Rates refer to the period 2011-2016.
Brazil (2020)
Provider: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Source: Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) y Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINACS)
Note: For the period 1990 to 1999, values were projected by the Departamento de Doenças /Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (DASNT/SVS/MS).The RIPSA Demographic and Mortality committee considers the Federal Units of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul and the Federal District with good quality information in SIM and at Sinasc, allowing the direct calculation of indicators for these Federal Units.
Canada (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of Canada
Source: Civil registry
Note: During the production of each year's birth/death/stillbirth statistics, data from previous years may be revised to reflect any updates or changes that have been received from the provincial and territorial vital statistics registrars. Starting with the 2013 reference year, information regarding new and terminated cause of death codes, as well as any changes to the cause of death descriptions, are available upon request. Starting with the 2013 reference year, a new automated coding system was used to select the underlying cause of death. In 2017, an updated version of this coding system was implemented. 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 data for Yukon are not available. Due to improvements in methodology and timeliness, the duration of data collection has been shortened compared to previous years. As a result, there may have been fewer deaths captured by the time of the release. The 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 data are considered preliminary.
Ecuador (2019)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos-INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro estadístico Defunciones Generales
Note: The denominator corresponds to live births estimates.
Ecuador (2021)
Provider: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos - INEC. Ecuador
Source: Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales
Note: As denominator, the estimated number of live births is being used.
El Salvador (2022)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
Source: Modulo de Hechos Vitales
Note: The denominator is made up of the projection of live births from the National Directorate of Statistics and Censuses (DIGESTYC)
Haiti (2017)
Provider: Ministère de la Santé d'Haiti. L'Unité d'Évaluation et de Programmationt (UEP)
Source: EMMUS VI
Note: Survey corresponds to period 2016-2017.
Argentina (2013)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Maternidad, Infancia y Adolescencia
Source: Historia Clínica
Note: The data covers only 72% coverage of the public subsector.
Argentina (2014)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Maternidad, Infancia y Adolescencia
Source: Historia Clínica
Note: The data covers only 72.8% coverage of the public subsector.
Argentina (2015)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Maternidad, Infancia y Adolescencia
Source: Historia Clínica
Note: The data covers only 71.7% coverage of the public subsector.
Argentina (2016)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Maternidad, Infancia y Adolescencia
Source: Historia Clínica
Note: The data covers only 71.4% coverage of the public subsector.
Argentina (2017)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Maternidad, Infancia y Adolescencia
Source: Historia Clínica
Note: The data covers only 74% coverage of the public subsector.
Bahamas (2002-2014)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Bahamas . Health Information and Research Unit
Source: Primary Health Care Reporting System
Note: Data include antenatal visits with gestational age of 16 weeks or less.
Bahamas (2015)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Bahamas . Health Information and Research Unit (HIRU)
Source: Primary Health Care Reporting System
Note: Data include antenatal visits with gestational age of 16 weeks or less.
Bolivia (the Plurinational State of) (2017-2020)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Source: Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y Vigilancia Epidemiológica
Note: Figures refer to prenatal control visits by trained health personnel before the 5th month in pregnancy (numerator). Expected live births estimates (denominator).
Bolivia (the Plurinational State of) (2021)
Provider: Ministerio de Salud de Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Source: Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SNIS-VE)
Note: Figures refer to prenatal control visits by trained health personnel before the 5th month in pregnancy (numerator). Expected live births estimates (denominator)
Saint Lucia (2022)
Provider: Ministry of Health of Saint Lucia. Epidemiology
Source: Health Management Information System, Nursing Register
Note: Data entered is best estimate drawing from nursing reports.
United States of America (2020)
Provider: National Statistics Institute of United States of America. Division of Vital Statistics. National Center for Health Statistics
Source: National Vital Statistics Surveillance System
Note: Referencia: Osterman MJK, Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Driscoll AK, Valenzuela CP. Births: Final data for 2021. National Vital Statistics Reports; vol 72, no 1. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2023. DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.15620/cdc:122047